When Worlds Collide Essay - 757 Words

When Worlds Collide The world of Beowulf and that of modern America have some interesting similarities. The Anglo- Saxon belief in wyrd, or fate, is alive and well in the 21st century. Like the Anglo- Saxons, our culture regards the crime of killing one’s own kin or family to be the most heinous of all. Americans love entertainment just as much as the Anglo- Saxons of Beowulf’s time did. Of course, with our modern technology like movies, television, and the Internet, we are allowed to experience many more methods of enjoyment than medieval people were able to enjoy. However, their culture is remembered through portions of our popular culture. Within its pages, Beowulf contains the notion of†¦show more content†¦In Beowulf, Hrothgar refers to the story of Heremod, an evil king who kills his own people, and in turn his people finally kill him: â€Å"He lived joyless to suffer the pain of that strife, the long- lasting harm of the people.†(p.30) In our society, the weight of a crime against one’s own family is a heavy one as well. The Andrea Yates case is one such incident that has gripped the country’s attention by the sheer unbelievable nature of the crime. Yates’ drowning her own children has shocked the entire nation. According to psychiatrist Phillip Resnick, who testified on Tuesday, March 5, â€Å"Yates knew she was legally wrong when she killed her children in the bathtub on June 20th.†(NBC) However, she murdered them anyway, and regardless of her mental state, it is hard to forgive or even understand this crime. Like the Anglo- Saxons’ culture, American society beli eves that the family unit is most important part of our civilization and it is unthinkable to harm anyone in ones own family. Our society loves entertainment just as much as the Anglo- Saxons did. Warriors would sit around the mead- hall listening to the scops spinning their tales and hearing of the feats of their heroes. Modern Americans go to movies and love to watch television shows, especially those with hero themes. Movies like Gladiator and The Patriot are excellent examples of this style of storytelling with larger than life heroes who perform amazing acts to save others. We also payShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Global Warming1036 Words   |  4 Pageswarmer†? The sun isn’t getting hotter; the world isn’t traveling closer to the sun. Global warming is when rapid moving particles collide more and more with other rapid moving particles and are trapped by the atmosphere’s thick layer of gas molecules. As more heat is trapped, particles that are in earth’s atmosphere collide with each other. As more collisions are present, the average kinetic energy which is the avera ge speed at which the particles collide with one another increases therefore the temperatureRead MoreCauses of Global Warming816 Words   |  3 Pagesmassive amounts of natural gases that affect the world in many ways. These gas particles that move rapidly and constantly collide with the atmosphere. This causes the air on Earth to contain higher kinetic energy due to the fact that more gas particles from the natural gases are colliding with the air particles. The higher kinetic energy results in higher temperature and heating of Earth’s surface. The heating of the Earth’s surface causes many of the world problems that we have today. As more and moreRead MoreThe Universe: Ways in which Galaxies Interact Among Each Other892 Words   |  4 Pagesare, in fact, interacting with one another in a sort of cosmic pinball. There are many ways that galaxies interact with one another and some ways are better than others. A merger is one of the more violent of interactions, it occurs when two galaxies collide. They do not have the momentum to keep going and fall into one another eventually merging together completely ( Astronomy, 2009). The Antennae Galaxy is a swell example of a merger. The clash between the two has been extremely violent asRead MoreWorldview Analysis (Judaism) Essay example1543 Words   |  7 Pagessummation of the â€Å"13 Articles of Faith† is there is only one God and He is unique and eternal; Moses was the greatest of all the prophets and both the oral and written Torah were given to him; God knows man’s deeds and thoughts; there will be a day when the Messiah will return and there will be a resurrection of the dead. Contemporary Judaism often speaks of four foundational pillars of the Jewish faith, each interacting as a major force as part of the covenant: (1) the Torah, always a living lawRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1143 Words   |  5 Pagesdon’t adapt to new changes very often experience many negative consequences. In Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe shows that when cultures collide and there is a refusal to change many negative consequences will follow as evidenced through the book, the spread of Islam, and Christianity in present day Nigeria. Achebe’s text does indeed show how when cultures collide and there is refusal to change, there will be many negative consequences. First, one character, Okonkwo refuses to convert toRead More The Physics of Automobile Accidents Essay examples580 Words   |  3 Pagesenergy is always conserved. Nearly all of the kinetic energy is transferred from the first object to the second. Thus, when two cars collide, all the kinetic energy would be conserved; no energy would be lost. The objects in an elastic collision â€Å"bounce† apart when they collide. The only time that an elastic collision occurs in an automobile accident is when the vehicles collide at a slow speed. In an inelastic collision, kinetic energy is not conserved. Some of the kinetic energy is convertedRead MorePlate Tectonics and Landscape1662 Words   |  7 PagesLaurasia, separated by the Tethys Sea. Wegener published this theory in his 1915 book, On the Origin of Continents and Oceans. In it he also proposed the existence of the supercontinent Pangaea, and named it (Pangaea means all the land in Greek). When geologists refer to plate tectonics as a theory, our attention is immediately shifted to all body of knowledge embodying the earths plates (meaning plate structure) as was developed in the 1960s. This theory explains the movement of the EarthsRead MoreThe Firstborn by Jack Davis1231 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Firstborn†, a poem by Aboriginal author Jack Davis, enables the reader to determine the poem as a graphic protest about the extinction of and discrimination against the Australian Indigenous people, and the loss of their ethnicity, as their world collides with the Western culture. By focussing on my understanding of both generic conventions and author’s context, I am able to conclude that the poem concerns a tragedy within the Aboriginal community. To understand a poem, it is important to recognizeRead MoreCulture And Cultural Identity703 Words   |  3 Pages Culture is a big influence on people’s perspective on how they view others and the world. When a person grows inside a culture, it shapes who they are. In â€Å"What is Cultural Identity† it explains why culture is influential. While in the short story â€Å"Where Worlds Collide† there is newcomers from another country that come to America and there’s all these new rules that they don’t understand. They are not from America, To us the rules are normal, to them they are strange and new. Another example ofRead MoreGlobalization and European Integration: Eroding the Sovereignty of the Nation State in Europe1615 Words   |  7 Pagesin which the constraints of geography on social and cultural arrangements recede and in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding’’ Hague Harrop (2007). Comparative Government and Politics. London: Palgrave. 36. In a modern world where international boundaries are merely geographical it is becoming increasingly difficult for nation states to protect their beliefs and cultures which in fact in the past were seen as the guidelines to how people lived their lives. Although growth

Rev. Henry Ward - 1646 Words

Biography - An Account of his life (1879-1981) Reverend Henry Ward was born in Golden Grove, St. Ann. He received his early education at Clapham Elementary School, and then moved on to St. George’s Elementary in guys Hill. There he passed the Pupil Teachers’ Examination with distinction and gained an exhibitioner’s scholarship to the Micro Teachers’ College. He distinguished himself at Mico, and his personal conduct was exemplary throughout his college career. In 1900, he graduated from Mico as an honor student. He first taught at Ebenezer School in Manchester. There he demanded and achieved excellence. In 1910, at the age of 31, Rev. Ward was elected president of the then Jamaica Union of Teachers. One year later, he answered the†¦show more content†¦He was four times moderator of the Presbyterian Church in Jamaica and became the first Moderator of the United Church in Jamaica and Grand Cayman – a coming together of the Presbyterians, Congregationalisists and Disciples of Christ. His community involvement began when he started to work as a pupil teacher at St. George’s Elementary. He organized youth movements and formed the league of honor for social purity among young men. This focused on their spiritual, social and moral upliftment. Although intellectual stimulus was highlighted, the physical and social development of the children was not neglected. Consistent with his conviction about the development of the â€Å"whole man†, Rev. Ward continued his relentless struggle for the advancement of education. His first task at Islington was to volunteer to become Principal of the Water Valley School which was slated for closure by the Government as the school’s performance was dismal. Rev. Ward, with a dedicated staff, turned things around and the school became one of the best in the island. The Early Childhood Project S tarted: The first community-organized school for children under 6 was established in Islington, in the parish of St. Mary in 1938. Reverend Henry Ward felt that thereShow MoreRelatedThe Rev. Charles Richard1307 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rev. Charles Richard became the third pastor of the parish in 1895, coming to Sacred Heart from Gibson, Louisiana. He was a familiar figure riding on horseback on one of his three horses, â€Å"Fanny,† â€Å"Dolly† and â€Å"Charley,† as he traveled through the parish. The French-Canadian Richard offered all the services in French, although he did present some of the homilies in English beginning in 1906 . On March 23, 1896, the Francois Viguerie property was transferred to Sacred Heart of Jesus Church. TheRead More Henry James The Wings of the Dove Essay4845 Words   |  20 PagesHenry James The Wings of the Dove This paper will present briefly Henry James and his thoughts about the art of fiction that is presented by his same titled essay before thoroughly analyzing his novel: The Wings of the Dove. James’ ideas on his article The Art of Fiction will be applied to The Wings of the Dove and the narrative style that he uses will be indicated by certain quotations taken from the novel. James had read classics of English, American, French, and German literature andRead More William Shakespeares Use of Song in the Early Comedies3188 Words   |  13 Pagesstage-time and make Cassios rapid drunkenness plausible (186). Further, Seng relates, an Elizabethan audience believed that music had actual therapeutic value: the fairy song is more than a lullaby, or even a magic lullaby; it is a charm to ward off evils (31-32). That the song lulls Titania asleep is its obvious function, but that it also saves her from the snakes and spiders should be apparent even to modern audiences because, beginning the scene, Titania orders her train to kill cankersRead MoreApush Chp17 Notes2924 Words   |  12 PagesInterstate Commerce Commission was given expanded powers to protect the public interest. B. Industrial Empires. -Early factories : textiles, clothing, leather products -After Civil War (2nd Industrial Rev) : steel, petroleum, electric power, industrial machinery. a. The Steel Industry ~ 1850s, Henry Bessemer (England) William Kelly (U.S.) discovered blasting air thru molten iron produced high-quality steel. ~ Great Lakes region had abundant coal iron ore of Minnesota’s Mesabi Range became leadingRead More Biography of Edgar Allan Poe Essay11890 Words   |  48 PagesGeneral. His wife Elizabeth took an active part in making clothes for the Continental Army. David and Elizabeth Poe (Sr.) had seven children David, the eldest son, becoming the father of the poet. Two sisters of David, Eliza Poe (afterward Mrs. Henry Herring) and Maria Poe (later Mrs. William Clemm) enter into the story of the poets life, the latter particularly, as she became his mother-in-law in addition to being his aunt. With her he lived from 1835 to 1849. Young David Poe was destinedRead MoreImpact Of Cost Sharing At High Deductible Health Plans On Health Service Utilization3311 Words   |  14 Pages1963; Vol. 53 No. 5, pp. 941–973. Buntin, M. B., A. Haviland, R. McDevitt and N. Sood â€Å"Health Care Spending and Preventive Care in High-Deductible and Consumer-Directed Health Plans,† American Journal of Managed Care, 2011; 17(3):222–230. Cohen RA, Ward BW, Schiller JS. Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 2010. National Center for Health Statistics; 2011 Ellis, R. P. . McGuire, T.G. Supply Side and Demand Side Cost Sharing in Health CareRead MoreCumnor in the 1860s: How Far Did Dependence on Agriculture Shape Its Social Structure?5543 Words   |  23 Pagesfollowed- proposing and responding to toasts- before a programme of races and dancing. From 1867 this was complemented by a horticultural show. 25 The clergy stressed cooperation: ‘farmers and labourers were mutually dependent on each other’, remarked the Rev Coxe in 1868, hoping that ‘they would grow in peace, charity and love together.’ 26 A visiting preacher might, however, seek to show the labourers particular benefits of Cumnor’s social structure and the underlying organization of agriculture. AlludingRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pagesof Spencers impact upon American intellectual history see Richard Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought (1944; rev. ed. 1955). Recommended for general historical background are Ernest Barker, Political Thought in England, 1848-1914 (1915; 2d ed. 1963), and William James Durant, The Story of Philosophy (1926; 2d ed. 1967). Additional Sources Hudson, William Henry, An introduction to the philosophy of Herbert Spencer: with a biographical sketch, New York: Haskell House Publishers, 1974Read MoreA Streetcar Named Desire: the Importance of Being Earnest9437 Words   |  38 Pageslarge extent, this figure was a self-portrait, a stand-in for Wilde himself. The dandy isn’t always a comic figure in Wilde’s work. In A Woman of No Importance and The Picture of Dorian Gray, he takes the form of the villains Lord Illingworth and Lord Henry Wootton, respectively. But in works such as Lady Windermere’s Fan, An Ideal Husband, and The Importance of Being Earnest, Wilde seems to be evolving a more positive and clearly defined moral position on the figure of the dandy. The dandy pretends toRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pagessurvival in a threatening world. It demands that we reckon with the realities of human nature and the world without falling into grimness and despair.† Roger Shattuck, The Banquet Years: The Origins of the Avant-Garde in France—1885 to World War I, rev. ed. (1968), 248. â€Å"Humor is, in fact, a prelude to faith; and laughter is the beginning of prayer. . . . The saintliest men frequently have a humorous glint in their eyes. They retain the capacity to laugh at both themselves and at others. . . . To

Blues Executive Summary Essay Example For Students

Blues Executive Summary Essay The blues music has gone through a massive evolution since it first started out as a musical tradition for the African Americans and their slave culture. Since then we have seen many important improvements and milestones for when it comes to human rights and black music. The end of slave import and the end of segregation lead to black music in the radio among others. It became possible to record and possess music by African Americans with help from record labels like Joke Records and Paramount Records, great artists like Son House, Robert Johnson and Muddy Waters had massive success, and in the late sass we even had a black man owning a radio station. After that the blues had a bit of a quiet period before we in the sass witnessed the blues revival. Blues influenced bands such as The Rolling Stones, The White Stripes and The Black Keys got formed and that together with the organization The Blues Foundation and older and newer blues record labels are helping to keep the unique musical tradition alive. Introduction The aim of this report is to give a general overview of the history of blues music and to identify its influential factors and current situation. Furthermore the report will content background knowledge about some of the most significant artists from the genre and a description of the music business impact on the genres popularity. This has been done through online research, watching documentaries and reading relevant books and Journals. History The beginning of the blues genre goes back to 1619 when the first slaves were brought from Africa to America. The Africans brought their music with them, which, when arriving to the plantations in the South of America, generated different opinions. Some owners encouraged their slaves to sing and dance, thinking that it loud keep them happy and less likely to protest and try to escape. Other owners were more paranoid and believed that the songs with their African dialect and doubled meanings could spread information outside of the owners control. Enjoying the black music or not, it flourished everywhere it could and by the mid-nineteenth century the African Americans had developed a slave culture with a unique musical tradition. The slave trade continued until Congress legislated its end the 1st of January 1808, but the racism continued. One of the outcomes of the slave culture was The Minstrel Show starting in 1820, which consisted of white entertainers performing songs and dances in blackjack. Very racist but at the same time a big impact on increasing the popularity of black music. In 1867 a collection of African American music sheets was published. It was the first published collection of any kind of Blues music By Kate-skate taken. In February 1920, Perry Bradford, an African-American composer, convinced Joke Records to record the black singer Miami Smith. Smiths record Crazy Blues became a big hit for Joke Records and was the beginning of the so-called race records. The race record phenomenon created an ambivalent encounter between the white America and the black culture. The music itself was a huge success but a big part of the white Americans were still not ready for black music being more than a taboo. Since 1910, hundreds of thousands black people had been migrating to the North to escape from poverty, violence, and segregation. As the blacks settled in, the blues settled in with them and a new musical culture arose, Delta Blues. Their songs referred to sexuality and the traveling lifestyle, which continued with artists moving further up to Detroit and Chicago. Here they created a pop influenced city blues style, which was displaced by the new Chicago/Electric blues sound in the sass with electric guitars, piano and sometimes saxophone and trumpet added. At the same time people were recovering from the Great Depression that since 1929 had lead people through an economic downturn and thereby influenced the music industry with a massive decrease of record sales. The Great Depression nearly killed the race market and almost dried up folk and blues music entirely. Fortunately it gave the black people even more resolve and inspiration, which lead to a new level of maturity n their sound and lyrics. In 1948, president Harry S. Truman signed the Executive Order 9981 and thereby putting and end to segregation, which among others led to black music in the radio. Black entrepreneurs had tried since 1930 to buy a radio station. In 1948 an all black format program was on air in Memphis and finally in 1949 the African American Jesse B. Clayton purchased the radio station WERE established in Atlanta. Moving more than ten years ahead to 1962, the blues had had a bit of a dry period, but now saw blues influenced bands like the Rolling Stones eyeing formed. Not long after that, the blues revival arose. Music a positive influence through the depression EssayB. King and Muddy Waters, and began his blues career in the blues-influenced rock and roll band The Yardarms. He played with them for two years and became one of the most mentioned guitarists in England. After leaving the band due to their changes away from the blues, Clayton Joined John Mammal the Blueberries and gained reputation as the best blues guitarist. Clayton left the Blueberries in the summer of 1966 and formed the band Cream, where he also began to develop as a singer and songwriter. Within 28 months, Cream had become a commercial success with U. S. Its like Sunshine of Your Love, White Room and Robert Johnson Crossroads selling millions of records. Unfortunately drugs and alcohol use created conflicts between the band members. Clayton played in a few different bands after that before stating solo, and would, after rehab from a massive drug and alcohol abuse, start performing with different artists such as Roger Wat ers, George Harrison and Phil Collins. (Aurelian, 2012) Jack White (1975 ) Jack White is born in Detroit and is known for helping restore the popularity of punk- lees as the frontal of the White Stripes. He started playing the drums in the age of six and listened to blues artists like Son House. In 1997 he formed the White Stripes. The band released six albums of witch the most commercially successful song was Seven Nation Army from 2003. White had along with his punk-blues other projects such as The Raconteurs with whom he played rock and a super group called The Death Weather with whom he played alternative rock. Anything I do is 1,000 percent the blues. That word is synonymous with the truth to me, says White, whos ajar influences are Son House, The Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin. Hyatt, 2011) Business Influence The record labels and other players in the music industry have helped bringing blues music to the publics attention and helped turning it into a commercial success. As mentioned in the history section, the blues music originated back when laws separated blacks and whites. But political factors along with some peoples passion for music and its artists instead of the color of their skin, made it possible for everybody to purchase and listen to the devils music. In the sass the blues label Paramount Records, who later recorded with Charlie Patton, was started, followed in 1918 by Joke Records, who recorded the black singer Miami Smith. This was the first recording with a black singer and started the race records phenomena. In 1921, Black Swan Records was started in New York and was the first widely distributed label to be owned and operated by African Americans. The market was still dominated by Joke and Paramount though, who together accounted for more than 2/3 of the total blues and gospel releases in the year of 1923. In the time after that ore and more blues labels such as Bluebird Records and the British Decca Records were founded, followed by the extremely popular label Chess Records in 1947. Chess Records is known for being the most influential All-American Blues label to have ever have recorded artists like Muddy Waters, Teat James, Howling Wolf and Willie Dixon, and later on Chuck berry, Elvis Presley, The Beach Boys and Led Zeppelin. Another big blues label, which was founded in 1952, was Sun Records. Sun Records was started by Sam Phillips who among others found and recorded young blues artists such as B. B. King and also Howling Wolf before selling the contract to Chess Records. Sam Phillips is mostly famous for saying that if he could find a white man who had the Negro sound and the Negro feel, he could make a billion dollars, and afterwards discovering Elvis Presley. With Elvis Presley came Rockville and even though a blues revival happened in the sass, the popularity and commercial interest in blues music decreased. In spite of that, Alligator Records, founded in Chicago in 1971, and Fat Possum Records, founded 20 years later, have helped keeping the blues evolving by recording newer artists such as The Black Keys.

Theories of Play free essay sample

Child development was previously largely ignored, and there was little attention to the progress which occurs during childhood and adolescence in terms of cognitive abilities, physical growth and language usage. However, researchers have found interest to study typical development in children as well as what influences development. Many theories have emerged which have helped full understanding of the social, emotional and physical growth which occurs in a child from early childhood to early adulthood (Hughes, 2004, p. 0). Jean Piaget proposed one of such theories and looked human development in a biological angle and explained it in four development stages. The stages are sensorimotor development stage, preoperational development stage, concrete operational development stage and formal operational development stage. However, Vygotsky proposed another theory of cognitive development which looked development in social interaction point of view. Although these theories differ in some a spects, they both consider playing as a key element in child development. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of Play or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper will discuss Piaget and Vygotsky theories of development and attempt to relate play to the theories. In addition, the paper will cover the applications of these theories in real life situation by giving real life examples, as used by teachers to their students. Piaget looked at the cognitive development concept from a biological point of view. To him, the key principles in the child’s growth and intellect are adaptation and organization. This theory indicates all organisms should have the ability to adapt to the environment, which is a necessity for survival. According to this theory, learning involves constructivist process thus knowledge is not acquired from the environment and imitation of other people’s actions. Rather, knowledge is acquired through a slow but a continuous process of learning. Piaget noted that children need three basic kinds of knowledge in order to develop; they need physical, social and logical-mathematical, and psychological knowledge (Hughes, 2009, p. 29). This theory also notes that physical knowledge is essential for survival and growth of the body. Physical knowledge is obtained by performing activities which allow children to observe and make conclusions of physical characteristics of objects. On the other hand, social knowledge is obtained from experience when a child interacts with other children. Children are, therefore, able to apply what they gain from social situations. Logical-mathematical knowledge allows children to discover the relationship between objects, ideas and people. Lastly, psychological knowledge is essential for the growth of intellectual structure of a child’s mind. According to this theory, adaptation encompasses two stages, assimilation and accommodation process. Assimilation involves taking in new things or ideas, from the outside world and trying to fit it in the existing structure. Children take information and use it at their pleasure without necessarily adapting their thinking to it. The accommodation process involves the existing structure adjusting to new acquired materials. The physical body reacts by internal process, such as digestion, and responds by growing and changing in size. On the other hand, minds reacts by accommodating new intellectual materials and responds by growing intellectually (Oakley, 2004, p. 27). In the development of a child, play is a crucial element to consider. This is essentially because, as children play they encounter (assimilate) new material. If the new ideas are not fitting to their current knowledge, a sense of confusion will result (disequilibrium). Thereafter, the child may master new idea by adjusting current ideas (accommodation) to the new information and, therefore, learn something new. To Piaget, there are four critical stages which a child must pass through during cognitive development (Watson, 2004, p. 38). First, there is sensorimotor stage, which starts from birth to about two years, apply motor activity without the use of symbols. Children gain knowledge through physical interaction and experience, however, knowledge is limited at this stage. They learn through trial and error since they cannot predict reactions. However, as children become more mobile, their abilities for cognitive development increases and early language development begin. Between seven to nine months, children develop object permanence, and they realize that an object still exists even after it is out of their sight (Keenan, 2009, p. 24). Preoperational, Stage which occurs between two and seven years, is the second stage in cognitive development. During this stage, children begin to use language as a way of communication and their memory and imagination develop. They also engage in make-believe and they in symbols which allows flexibility and planning in their problem solving skills. During this stage, children are egocentric; they think all people view the world as they see (Martin, 2008, p. 0). They also begin to remember past events and even imagine future events (Watson, 2005, p. 65). Concrete operational is the next stage of Jean Piaget theory of child development. The third stage occurs between seven and eleven years. The stage is marked by conservation whereby a child understands that things still maintains their attributes even if they change their essential appearance. Children begin to demonstrate their intellectual development by using logic and manipulation of symbols which relates to concrete objects. Their egocentric nature of thinking becomes less and their awareness of external events increases (Martin, 2004, p. 40). The last stage of development according to Piaget theory is the formal operational stage. This stage begins when a child is about eleven years. . A child will acquire another level of understanding during this stage, in addition to the ability of, applying logical principles attained in concrete operational stage to more abstract and hypothetical situations. The child, who is now an adult can formulate a hypothesis and be able to think about concepts and abstract relationship. They become interested about the broad social issues such as fairness, justice and equality. Piaget concludes that development is a lifelong process, and new structures are needed after operational stage (Martin, 2004, p. 40). Piaget theory of development can be used in school for development and growth of children. The implication of this theory is an adaptation of instructions to the development of the learner and the instructions should be consistent with the learner’s level of development. The role of a teacher is to facilitate learning of through the provision of a variety of experiences. This will enable a child to experiment and explore, which in turn encourages new understanding. Teachers should use concrete hands on experience to allow students learn and acquire another level of understanding (Watson, 200 4, p. 65 and 66). Piaget theory has found wide application in school. For instance, the teachers teach children through sensory experiences whereby they are given objects to touch, smell and taste. As the children grow, they can be given texture names, colour names, colour names and the names of the objects around them. In addition, they can also be taught new vocabularies accompanied by pictures; however, teachers should keep in mind the level of their understanding. As they progress, children are given complex problems, e. g. maths, whereby they are required to use logic. They are, therefore, able to make more connections with reality rather than fantasy. Secondly, children can be involved with plays like hide and seek at the primary level. These kinds of plays help them to develop physical skills and enhance their coordination. They can also be involved with game of numbers, riddles and coded messages. As they grow, their plays become more organised and structured. Teachers can organize games and sport events with rules. This level teaches them that winning comes as a result of following the rules. As they progress, they can be organised into clubs and team sports which helps them in understanding how they can fit to the societal system. Vygotsky proposed another theory for cognitive development. This theory places emphasis on the fundamental rule of social interaction in the child’s cognitive development. It notes that community plays a significant role to develop a child and that they adapt through their cultural and social interactions with people who are more skilled, such teachers or parents. The basis of this theory is the idea that children will use tools such as language, maps and numbering systems in order to develop high level of thinking. According to this theory, language is a hugely critical factor in children development since it helps them to develop new ideas and control their behaviours. They also use language to engage in internal dialogue, which helps in solving difficult task. Vygotsky theory of development is based on three main principles, which are zone of proximal development (ZPD and Scaffolding or more knowledgeable other (MNO). The theory notes that there is a difference between what a child can learn independently and what they can learn under the guidance of skilled instructor. This is difference is captured in the zone of proximity development. Vygotsky sees ZPN as the area in which most guidance and instruction should be given. This will allow children develop essential skills they will later use on their own. He also notes that every day experience plays a vital role in children’s development because they learn through social interactions with skilled helpers, such as teachers or parents. The theory suggests that tutors should use cooperative learning exercises (Martin, 2008, p. 41). On the other hand, more Knowledgeable other principle of the theory refers to people who are more skilful and knowledgeable. When these people interact with children, they provide them with problem solving skills which serves as cognitive scaffolding, which help children to gain the ability to function independently (retrieved from rojects. coe. uga. edu). Vygotsky theory of child development has found a wide application in schools. The current application of Vygotsky theory is in the reciprocal teaching which is used to improve the abilities of children to learn from texts. Here, teachers and pupils collaborate in learning summarizing, clarifying, questioning and predicting, through practicing. Teache rs should also come up with group activities, which allow more skilled peers to interact with less skilled children. With the assistance of adults, children can perform tasks which would be impossible on their own. Scaffolding should thus be used whereby the helper adjusts their level of assistance in accordance to the child’s performance level. Lastly, zone of proximal development should guide assessment methods, which describes what a child can do without the help of a more skilled person. It should consider both actual and potential development of a child (retrieved from projects. coe. uga. edu). Vygotsky theory is can be simplified for quick learning of children. For example, children are shown pennies representing each sound in a word (e. . four pennies for four sounds). In order for them to master the words, they may be requested to place the items on the table showing each sound in a word. Finally, the teacher may ask the children to indentify the words without using pennies. In this case, pennies act like scaffolding to help children move from being assisted to unassisted during a task. In advanced levels, such as high school, a lab tutor may provide students with scaffolding by first giving them detailed experiment procedures and then a brief outline. Thereafter, the tutor may ask the students to set up the experiment on their own. In conclusion, it is clear that Piaget and Vygotsky theories differ in some aspects; however, both theories indicate that children development is a slow but continuous process, which can be achieved as children, interacts with one another, with the surroundings as well as with more skilled persons. These theories, therefore, shows the fundamental aspect of play the development and learning of children. Teachers can effectively use these theories to enhance development of children, but they must take into account their levels of growth and understanding.